Which of the following are classes of monocoque fuselage construction?

Monocoque fuselage construction is characterized by its design approach, which utilizes the outer skin to support the majority of the fuselage's structural loads, minimizing the need for internal structures. In this context, stringers and bulkheads play crucial roles in maintaining the fuselage shape and providing structural integrity.

Stringers are elongated members that run longitudinally and help distribute loads across the fuselage skin, while bulkheads provide support transversely, maintaining the overall structural form and enhancing stiffness. Both components are essential to achieve the efficiency and lightweight advantage that monocoque structures offer.

The other options mention construction elements that are either not specifically related to monocoque design or represent a different structural concept. Therefore, the reference to stringers and bulkheads aligns with the principles of monocoque construction, effectively allowing the fuselage to withstand aerodynamic forces while remaining lightweight.